Environmental Permitting in the Mining Sector: The Role of AMDAL, UKL-UPL, and SPPL in Indonesia
Introduction The mining sector plays a strategic role in Indonesia’s economic development by providing essential raw materials for energy, infrastructure, and industrial growth. However, mining activities also pose significant environmental and social risks, including land degradation, water pollution, deforestation, and community impacts. To ensure that mining development is conducted responsibly and sustainably, the Government of […]
What is Exploration Mining?
Introduction Mining exploration is a systematic series of activities aimed at discovering and evaluating the potential of mineral resources. According to Law No. 4 of 2009, exploration is defined as a series of activities intended to locate and identify the potential of mineral resources, including coal. These activities encompass geological surveys, preliminary exploration, advanced exploration, […]
Overview of Risks in Each Stage of Mining Industry Development
Introduction The mining industry is inherently capital-intensive, requiring substantial financial investments in infrastructure, equipment, and technology. Mining projects involve enormous costs for exploration, development, and ongoing operation. The sheer magnitude of capital investment exposes mining companies to financial risk, particularly during periods of volatile commodity prices and economic downturns. Mining operations occur in environments characterized […]